Solving the urgent problem of searching for a new architecture of higher education and the corresponding methodological basis is possible by designing the structure of a flexible adaptive educational program that gives the opportunity to quickly reorient content, forms, technologies training and means of assessing the effectiveness of its implementation in preparing competitive graduates of a pedagogical university who meet the requirements of the modern labor market. This article presents the grounds for changing approaches to the design of modern educational programs and the resources necessary for the implementation of a flexible adaptive educational program; the understanding of the modular construction of the curriculum at the university and the content of the module, which is focused on the expected result – the leading competence, are revealed. The integrity of assessing the result of professional development of a graduate of a pedagogical master's program is substantiated.

   The article is devoted to the current issues of modernization of professional and pedagogical activity of teachers of higher education in the context of modern socio-cultural realities. The crisis state of domestic higher education is analyzed and the reasons that determine it are revealed. Based on regulatory legal acts and prognostic concepts of reforming higher education in Russia, the author considers the conceptual transition from "pedagogy of knowledge" to "pedagogy of activity and design" and to "pedagogy of culture". Particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of social uncertainty, manifested in fundamental external changes and internal contradictions, as an essential factor in the development of higher education. The article also presents the main conditions and ways of forming strategic guidelines for the development of a teacher of higher education as a true subject of his professional and pedagogical activity. The author offers an original classification of modern teachers-mentors, including models of a teacher-master, a teacher-innovator, a teacher-creator and a teacher-author. The program of additional professional education for advanced training of higher education teachers is also presented, covering modern aspects of professional and pedagogical activity in the context of intersubjective pedagogy. The effective block of mastering the program content is diagnostic essays, a set of heuristic and advanced questions for discussing the stated topic, as well as content projects of the author's concepts of teaching and training specialists for modern Russia.

   The paper focuses on artificial intelligence (AI) in secondary and higher education. The critical role of AI in modern society is considered due to a number of scientific and technological breakthroughs, in particular, the massive increase in the volume of information known as “big data”.

   The main goal of the study is to determine the role of AI in education and in society.

   Objectives of the study include a discussion about AI in sociological and pedagogical aspects, a determination of the AI research problems, current AI challenges in education and science.

   Sociological studies allow us to conclude that public consensus on the AI role in education has not yet been achieved. The discussion of AI in modernized education shows that it is necessary to formulate not only a general approach to integrating AI into education, but also to predict how the education system will be transformed. The analysis of a wide range of innovations related to AI in education, in particular, in the aspect of teaching a foreign language, is carried out.

   The study is devoted to the scientific foundations of publications in adult education. Approaches to the critical review of scientific papers in this field are substantiated. Brief analysis of classical foundations of andragogy (M. Knowles, P. Jarvis) is performed; the contribution of Russian scientists to their development is considered. Particular attention is paid to the development of the psychological component of the theory of adult learning by Yu. N. Kulyutkin. Based on the bibliographic analysis of articles published in the scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.RU over the past 5 years, the development of the theory and practice of andragogy in contemporary scientific research is traced, primarily in the field of continuous education and training of specialists. Categorization of articles is performed, giving some clues for research thinking in relation to andragogy, as well as its empirical methods. The logic of determining the place of one's own research in a specific area of knowledge in adult education is argued. The conclusion about the widespread fundamental penetration of andragogy into the fabric of the educational process, the relevance of both its theoretical and practical status is substantiated.

   The article is devoted to the study of the socio-pedagogical phenomenon of "history education" as well as the analysis of the established practice of implementing history education in the general education system. The conduction of terminological analysis made it possible to trace the evolution of the meaning and use of the concept of "history education" and to clarify its features and properties. The author's definition of historical education reveals its pedagogical essence and semantic meaning. History education is presented as a specially organized pedagogical process aimed at creating conditions for increasing the level of history literacy of an individual, which is considered as the basis for the formation of an all-Russian civic identity, collective history memory and the preservation of traditional spiritual, moral, cultural and history values. The results of the study present the current state of regional practice of implementing history education in general education organizations. The reliability of the obtained results is confirmed by the selected research methodology built on the basis of the use of systemic, activity-based, socio-cultural approaches and a number of pedagogical search methods: questionnaires, interviews, analytical processing of the obtained data, representativeness of the sample and its criteria, a comprehensive assessment of the significance of the obtained data. General recommendations for organizing pedagogical activities in the field of history education of students in comprehensive schools are proposed.

   The article is devoted to the substantiation and disclosure of the essence and content of the pedagogical strategy for the formation of professional patriotism of naval university cadets. The author identifies and presents the factors confirming the relevance of the research topic. The degree of development of the topic is revealed in detail. The term "pedagogical strategy" is analyzed. The results of the ascertaining experiment are presented, confirming the need for the theoretical development of a pedagogical strategy and the subsequent implementation of a formative experiment in instilling professional patriotism in the cadets of the Maritime University. The structure of the developed pedagogical strategy is revealed. The leading directions of the strategy content are highlighted: educational-professional, educational-professional and activity-based, their constituent components. The scientific provisions of the article can be used by university teachers in conducting pedagogical research and organizing educational practice with students of higher and secondary educational institutions.

   In the article the attempt is made to analyze and summarize the domestic heritage of the middle of the last century in the field of sociological and social-pedagogical research. The works of scientists who made a significant contribution to the development of the sociology of education, social-pedagogical research and created the basis for further productive development of relevant areas are considered. The dynamics of scientists' views on the role of education in the life of society and the individual are shown. The relationship between such key concepts as socialization and education, as well as the problems of professional socialization and socialization of teachers at different stages of professional activity are considered using research and author's positions as an example.

   The article examines one of the key aspects of the educational process in the field of fine arts – improving the student's ability to perceive works of art as a manifestation of his competence as a competent viewer. The focus on this aspect is due to the substantive and pedagogical features of this study, which are reflected in the relevant regulatory documents. The article defines the concept of a "literate viewer" and presents the qualities inherent in such a person. The study describes in detail the diagnosis that was carried out in one of the institutions of higher education in the city of Veliky Novgorod. The content of the diagnostic study is aimed at determining the level of perception of works of art by a student seeking to demonstrate his competence as a competent viewer. The conclusions describe the results of the diagnostic work.

   The article considers the problem of developing research competence of students majoring in pedagogical fields. The authors set the task of increasing the effectiveness of preparing students for research activities by integrating innovative pedagogical technologies into the educational process. A hypothesis is put forward that the experimentally developed course based on the use of interactive methods and technologies (pedagogical quest, immersive theater, storytelling, case-study, business game) contributes to more effective development of research competence compared to traditional approaches and technologies.The article analyzes the shortcomings of the traditional system of preparing students for research, provides the author's definition of the concept of "innovative technologies for developing research competence", describes the structure and content of the developed course "Scientific Article: from Idea to Publication". The main attention is paid to the practical implementation of the course and the analysis of its impact on the motivational, cognitive and activity-practical components of students' research competence. Empirical data obtained during the experimental work indicate a positive impact of the course on the development of research competence. Participants in the experimental group demonstrated increased motivation for research work, improved understanding of research methodology, development of skills in writing scientific texts, data analysis and public speaking. Overcoming of psychological barriers associated with scientific activity and formation of a positive attitude towards R&D is noted.

   The article shows that nowadays sustainable strategic development of the management team is ensured in a comprehensive way and is consolidated in the processes of organizing activities for the sovereignty of the education system. The author highlights the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of management teams, which include personal responsibility for the result, consistency, highly effective interaction, sustainability, flexibility, etc. The article presents the results of research aimed at evaluating the performance of the management team within the framework of the project “School of the Ministry of Education of Russia”. The data of self-diagnosis of educational institutions are also presented. The research covers all the main areas and conditions of the School of the Ministry of Education of Russia initiative, including education, creativity, knowledge, career guidance, health, the role of the teacher, the school team, the atmosphere in the educational institution and the educational environment. Additional professional development programs created in co-authorship have confirmed their effectiveness in improving the professional competencies of management teams.

   The need to teach modern schoolchildren to think creatively as a continuous source of personality development throughout their lives leads to awareness of the problem of adapting techniques and methods of developing creative thinking to students’ educational needs and capabilities. The article presents the pedagogical experience of introducing the "Synthesis of frames" method of developing creative thinking when students master the stages of implementing educational projects and scientific research within the framework of the extracurricular activity course "I am a researcher". The authors present an analysis of the results of students performing various tasks from the point of view of forming key competencies of creative thinking. The article highlights the effectiveness of using the "Synthesis of Frames" method both to familiarize students with the basics of project and research activities, as well as for the development and comprehensive diagnosis.

   The article presents general organizational, pedagogical and regulatory aspects of the educational activities of a general education organization with a religious (Orthodox) component (social demand, ideological foundations, implementation of the principle of Christocentrism, Orthodox thinking, etc.). The identity of the definitions "general education organization with a religious (Orthodox) component" and "Orthodox general education organization" is established. The article examines the main requirements for obtaining the corresponding educational status within the framework of confessional certification. The article analyzes scientific and pedagogical theories of Orthodox pedagogy, the main regulatory documents that ensure the strategic development of general education organizations as pedagogical systems. The article reveals the characteristics of a general education organization with a religious (Orthodox) component and specific requirements for personnel conditions for the implementation of educational programs.

   The article analyzes the problems facing the system of professional education, caused by external and internal challenges to the modern education system. The tasks of creating a holistic effective system of support and maintenance of continuous education of secondary vocational education teachers are considered, modern understanding of the ways and resources for achieving the projected results is noted, key risks and measures for their prevention are characterized. The substantiation of the basic theoretical foundation of this study is given, the regional specifics of the study of the problems of developing additional professional education for secondary vocational education teachers are determined. A modular structure of the federal designer of individual educational routes for secondary vocational education teachers is proposed and substantiated.

   The article is devoted to the study of the concept of "professional and pedagogical competence", modern approaches to the training of teachers of secondary vocational education. The fundamental basis of this study is the State Program of the Russian Federation "Education Development" for the period up to 2030 and the content of the new educational technology "Professionalism". Modern approaches to the organization of continuous training and retraining of teachers of secondary vocational education, as well as the criteria for the effectiveness of pedagogical activity are considered. The leading role of methodological competence in the development of professional skills of the pedagogical community in dynamically changing economic conditions is determined. The study analyzes the works of leading scientists and teachers, the results of monitoring the organization of educational activities in the regions. The model of professional and pedagogical competence of a teacher of secondary vocational education is proposed and the characteristics of its components are given.

   The article analyzes the current problems of training specialists involved in providing support to people with disabilities in the system of continuous education. The results of modern research and constantly updated regulatory framework, as well as innovative practices of a modern social profile university that trains specialists to work with people with disabilities are summarized. Based on the educational model, areas of work with this category of students are identified that are necessary for specialists to master the specifics of this activity, as a necessary element of the focus of professional training. Conclusions are made that the proposed areas of work for specialists with students with disabilities can be transferred to other educational social and professional institutions for the same category of students, taking into account their specifics.

   The aim of the research is to study the continuity in the development of intellectual giftedness in high school students and university students.

   The issues of continuity in the development of intellectual giftedness of students in the process of transition from secondary school to higher education are considered. One of the results of the study is the identification of the structure of the student scientific community and its qualitative composition using the example of the State University of Education. The features of the dynamics of motivation for intellectual activity depending on the duration of activity within the framework of student scientific research are established.

   The article examines the pedagogical ideas of Aligeydar Gashimov, which contributed to the formation and development of folk pedagogy in Azerbaijan as a special pedagogical system. In the process of working on the article, the analysis of historical and scientific-pedagogical literature was carried out, the works of A. Gashimov, and works of folklore were studied. The idea of the personality of A. Gashimov, his professional path and the diversity of his scientific research is given. It is shown that A. Gashimov was a collector of pedagogical ideas presented in various genres of oral folklore, and formulated on this basis the conceptual provisions of Azerbaijani folk pedagogy. The scientist's point of view on the problems of moral education of children is presented. As a result of the study of the pedagogical ideas of A. Gashimov, conclusions are made that his pedagogical creativity is still relevant in solving issues of education and upbringing of the younger generation.

   The article discusses the problems of using a special pedagogical approach «Service-Learning» in the process of training specialists involved in providing comprehensive assistance to senior citizens. The article analyses the conditions and algorithms of interaction of scientific and professional community, pedagogical university with state authorities and social institutions providing services to senior citizens in the process of volunteer educational practices of students. Approaches to the implementation of the Pilot socially-oriented public project of volunteer educational practices of students in the profile of «Gerontology» in St. Petersburg are proposed, including the creation of the «Centre for the development of professional competencies of students-volunteers in the profile of «Gerontology», the development of a multidisciplinary training course of additional professional training of students, training and certification of test groups, the release of a set of methodological materials of the modular training course for the co-participants of the project, and the development of a set of methodological materials for the training course.

   The article presents an overview of the scientific activity of Doctor of pedagogical sciences, Professor Valeria Nikolaevna Maksimova, author of a new trend in psychological and pedagogical science – school acmeology, developer of comprehensive methodology for designing and implementing management of innovative development of educational systems, creator of the didactic foundations of interdisciplinary communication as an actual didactic means of integrating the subject educational process, author of new pedagogical concepts "health–creating education technologies" and "the spiritual and moral health of the personality of teacher and student."